Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Despite extensive research, its precise etiology remains unknown. However, significant progress has been made in understanding its complex pathogenesis, which involves a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental influences, microbial dysbiosis, and immune dysregulation. Numerous genetic loci are associated with Crohn's disease. Environmental factors such as smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, antibiotic exposure, and early-life influences play crucial roles in disease initiation and progression. Dysbiosis disrupts intestinal homeostasis and exacerbates inflammation. Immune dysregulation, particularly involving the Th1, Th2, and Th17 pathways, results in an imbalance between proinflammatory and regulatory responses, perpetuating chronic inflammation.